MCPD fatty acid esters in vegetable oils: formation, analysis and toxicology

Document Type : Review article

Authors

1 Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Faculty of Food Industries and Agriculture, Standard Research Institute-ISIRI, Karaj, Iran

4 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

3-monochoropropane-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) and 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) and glycidol esters (GE) have been known as food contaminants. These compounds are formed during high-temperature process of different food products such as coffee, edible oils, infant formula, potato based products, bakery products, malt, cooked meats, soy sauces and pickles. In vegetable oils, these compounds are formed during refining, particularly during deodorization step. The studies on MCPD content and their formation routes in vegetable oil are a new area of research. Carcinogenic characteristics of these ingredients are a general concern. Thermal processing such as deodorization and deep-frying can trigger the formation of unpleasant substance such as trans fatty acids cyclic fatty acid esters, or acylglycerol polymers. Refining of edible oils, although eliminates contaminants from the oil, but it leads to the formation of unwanted compounds such as glycidol, glycidol esters, MCPD and MCPD esters. This review gives valuable information of present knowledge on analytical aspect, formation mechanisms of 3-MCPD and GE in vegetable oils and their health implications such as toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

Keywords

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