Extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate: A review

Document Type : Review article

Authors

Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Increasing demands for health-promoting compounds originated from natural sources have led to a surge of interest in studies in the field of extraction and purification of such components to be used in the formulations of value-added foods. Pomegranate is a rich source for mining biologically active or bioactive ingredients such as phenolic compounds, tannins, and anthocyanins. These compounds have various bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. However, extraction and purification of such compounds from different parts of the pomegranate as efficiently as possible is a challenging task usually carried out by solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques. Therefore, in the present study, first the bioactive compounds of pomegranate are highlighted and then common methods used to extract them are reviewed.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Abbasi, H., Rezaei, K., Emamdjomeh, Z., & Mousavi, S. M. E. (2008). Effect of various extraction conditions on the phenolic contents of pomegranate seed oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 110(5), 435-440.
Akhtar, S., Ismail, T., Fraternale, D., & Sestili, P. (2015). Pomegranate peel and peel extracts: Chemistry and food features. Food Chemistry, 174, 417-425.
Alexandre, E. M., Araújo, P., Duarte, M. F., de Freitas, V., Pintado, M., & Saraiva, J. A. (2017). Experimental design, modeling, and optimization of high-pressure-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 10(5), 886-900.
Andrade, M. A., Lima, V., Silva, A. S., Vilarinho, F., Castilho, M. C., Khwaldia, K., & Ramos, F. (2019). Pomegranate and grape by-products and their active compounds: Are they a valuable source for food applications?. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 86, 68-84.
Bagade, S. B., & Patil, M. (2019). Recent Advances in Microwave Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Complex Herbal Samples: A Review. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 1-12.
Çam, M., & Hışıl, Y. (2010). Pressurised water extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels. Food Chemistry, 123(3), 878-885.
Carabias-Martínez, R., Rodríguez-Gonzalo, E., Revilla-Ruiz, P., & Hernández-Méndez, J. (2005). Pressurized liquid extraction in the analysis of food and biological samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 1089(1-2), 1-17.
Castro-Muñoz, R., Conidi, C., & Cassano, A. (2019). Membrane-based technologies for meeting the recovery of biologically active compounds from foods and their by-products. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(18), 2927-2948.
Conidi, C., Cassano, A., Caiazzo, F., & Drioli, E. (2017). Separation and purification of phenolic compounds from pomegranate juice by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes. Journal of Food Engineering, 195, 1-13.
Dadashi, S., Mousazadeh, M., Emam-Djomeh, Z., & Mousavi, S. M. (2013). Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed: A comparative study on biochemical composition and oil physicochemical characteristics. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 1(4), 351-363.
da Silva, J. A. T., Rana, T. S., Narzary, D., Verma, N., Meshram, D. T., & Ranade, S. A. (2013). Pomegranate biology and biotechnology: a review. Scientia Horticulturae, 160, 85-107.
Eikani, M. H., Golmohammad, F., & Homami, S. S. (2012). Extraction of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil using superheated hexane. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 90(1), 32-36.
Fazaeli, M., Yousefi, S., & Emam-Djomeh, Z. (2013). Investigation on the effects of microwave and conventional heating methods on the phytochemicals of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and black mulberry juices. Food Research International, 50(2), 568-573.
Goula, A. M., Ververi, M., Adamopoulou, A., & Kaderides, K. (2017). Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids from pomegranate wastes using vegetable oils. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 34, 821-830.
Kaderides, K., Papaoikonomou, L., Serafim, M., & Goula, A. M. (2019). Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolics from pomegranate peels: Optimization, kinetics, and comparison with ultrasounds extraction. Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification, 137, 1-11.
Keskin Çavdar, H., Koçak Yanık, D., Gök, U., & Göğüş, F. (2017). Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil and evaluation of its physicochemical and bioactive properties. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 55(1), 86-94.
Malviya, S., Jha, A., & Hettiarachchy, N. (2014). Antioxidant and antibacterial potential of pomegranate peel extracts. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(12), 4132-4137.
Mandal, V., Mohan, Y., & Hemalatha, S. (2007). Microwave assisted extraction—an innovative and promising extraction tool for medicinal plant research. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 1(1), 7-18.
Moghadam, M., Salami, M., Mohammadian, M., Khodadadi, M., & Emam-Djomeh, Z. (2020). Development of antioxidant edible films based on mung bean protein enriched with pomegranate peel. Food Hydrocolloids, 104, 105735.
Mustafa, A., & Turner, C. (2011). Pressurized liquid extraction as a green approach in food and herbal plants extraction: A review. Analytica Chimica Acta, 703(1), 8-18.
Negi, P. S., Jayaprakasha, G. K., & Jena, B. S. (2003). Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of pomegranate peel extracts. Food Chemistry, 80(3), 393-397.
Panth, N., Manandhar, B., & Paudel, K. R. (2017). Anticancer activity of Punica granatum (pomegranate): a review. Phytotherapy Research, 31(4), 568-578.
Pirzadeh, M., Caporaso, N., Rauf, A., Shariati, M. A., Yessimbekov, Z., Khan, M. U., ... & Mubarak, M. S. (2020). Pomegranate as a source of bioactive constituents: a review on their characterization, properties and applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1-18.
Rajha, H. N., Abi-Khattar, A. M., El Kantar, S., Boussetta, N., Lebovka, N., Maroun, R. G., ... & Vorobiev, E. (2019). Comparison of aqueous extraction efficiency and biological activities of polyphenols from pomegranate peels assisted by infrared, ultrasound, pulsed electric fields and high-voltage electrical discharges. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 58, 102212.
Santos, M. P., Souza, M. C., Sumere, B. R., da Silva, L. C., Cunha, D. T., Bezerra, R. M. N., & Rostagno, M. A. (2019). Extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) with pressurized liquids assisted by ultrasound combined with an expansion gas. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 54, 11-17.
Seeram, N., Lee, R., Hardy, M., & Heber, D. (2005). Rapid large scale purification of ellagitannins from pomegranate husk, a by-product of the commercial juice industry. Separation and Purification Technology, 41(1), 49-55.
Sharayei, P., Azarpazhooh, E., Zomorodi, S., & Ramaswamy, H. S. (2019). Ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel. LWT, 101, 342-350.
Sood, A., & Gupta, M. (2015). Extraction process optimization for bioactive compounds in pomegranate peel. Food Bioscience, 12, 100-106.
Sreekumar, S., Sithul, H., Muraleedharan, P., Azeez, J. M., & Sreeharshan, S. (2014). Pomegranate fruit as a rich source of biologically active compounds. BioMed Research International, 2014.
Sumere, B. R., de Souza, M. C., dos Santos, M. P., Bezerra, R. M. N., da Cunha, D. T., Martinez, J., & Rostagno, M. A. (2018). Combining pressurized liquids with ultrasound to improve the extraction of phenolic compounds from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.). Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 48, 151-162.
Tian, Y., Xu, Z., Zheng, B., & Lo, Y. M. (2013). Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 20(1), 202-208.
Turrini, F., Zunin, P., Catena, S., Villa, C., Alfei, S., & Boggia, R. (2019). Traditional or hydro-diffusion and gravity microwave coupled with ultrasound as green technologies for the valorization of pomegranate external peels. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 117, 30-37.
Vilkhu, K., Mawson, R., Simons, L., & Bates, D. (2008). Applications and opportunities for ultrasound assisted extraction in the food industry—A review. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 9(2), 161-169.
Vučić, V., Grabež, M., Trchounian, A., & Arsić, A. (2019). Composition and potential health benefits of pomegranate: a review. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(16), 1817-1827.
Yi, Z., Feng, T., Zhuang, H., Ye, R., Li, M., & Liu, T. (2016). Comparison of different extraction methods in the analysis of volatile compounds in pomegranate juice. Food Analytical Methods, 9(8), 2364-2373.
Youssefi, S., Emam-Djomeh, Z., & Mousavi, S. M. (2009). Comparison of artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) in the prediction of quality parameters of spray-dried pomegranate juice. Drying Technology, 27(7-8), 910-917.
Zheng, X., Liu, B., Li, L., & Zhu, X. (2011). Microwave-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of total phenolic compounds from pomegranate peel. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(6), 1004-1011.
Živković, J., Šavikin, K., Janković, T., Ćujić, N., & Menković, N. (2018). Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from pomegranate peel using response surface methodology. Separation and Purification Technology, 194, 40-47.