The synergistic effects of Moringa Peregrina and Murraya koenigii leaf extracts on antimicrobial activity (against Candida albicans and Helicobacter pylori), antioxidant, and lipase inhibitory properties
Document Type : Original research
Authors
1 Department of Food Sciences & Technology, TeMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Food Science and Technology, ShQ. C., Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Qods, Iran
3 Department of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and lipase inhibitory properties of leaf extracts from
Moringa peregrina (M. peregrina) and Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii). Antioxidant capacity was assessed using the
ABTS method, while total phenol content was measured via the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antifungal activity
against Candida albicans was determined through zone inhibition assays, and the ability to inhibit Helicobacter
pylori was evaluated by measuring urease enzyme activity. Lipase activity inhibition was assessed using ELISA at
405 nm. Analysis of variance revealed that increasing concentrations of both extracts significantly enhanced
antioxidant activity and total phenol content (p<0.05). M. peregrina and M. koenigii exhibited the highest
antioxidant activity at 4000 mg/L, while M. koenigii showed the lowest activity at 31.25 mg/L. The highest total
phenol content occurred at 4000 mg/L for M. koenigii. Synergistic effects of both extracts were noted at 1000 mg/L.
At 1500 mg/L, M. peregrina displayed the largest inhibition zone against Candida albicans; conversely, M. koenigii
showed the strongest inhibition of Helicobacter pylori at 2000 mg/L. The greatest lipase inhibitory activity was
found at 4000 mg/L for M. peregrina, while M. koenigii had the least at 2000 mg/L, and there were no synergistic
effects. These findings suggest that M. peregrina and M. koenigii leaf extracts have potential applications in
developing anti-diabetic food products.
Keywords
Main Subjects
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curry leaves (murraya koenigii). European journal of
pharmaceutical and medical research, 3(10), 387-382.
AL Juhaimi, F., Ghafoor., K., Babiker, E. E., Matthaus, B, & Ozcan, M. M.
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meals of Moringa species as non-conventional sources of
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Proximate and phytochemical composition of Moringa oleifera
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223–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022.
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tea obtained from the same tea cultivar. Food Research
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Chater, P. I., Wilcox, M., Cherry, P., Herford, A., Mustar, S., Wheater, H.,
Brownlee, I., Seal, C., & Pearson J. (2016). Inhibitory activity of
extracts of Hebridean brown seaweeds on lipase activity. Journal
of Applied Phycology, 28, 1303–1313.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0619-0.
Chelliah R., Ramakrishnan S, Antony, U. (2017). Nutritional quality of
Moringa Oleifera for its bioactivity and antibacterial properties.
International Food Research Journal. 24, 825-833.
https://doi.org/10.47262/bl/9.1.20230115.
Chowdhury, B. K., Jha, S., Bhattacharyya, P., Z., & Mukherjee, J. 2001. Two
new carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii. Indian Journal
of Chemistry. 40, 494-490. https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.2001
40212.
Ching, L. S., & S, Mohamed. (2001). Alpha-Tocopherol Content in 62 Edible
Tropical Plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
49(6), 3101-5. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000891u.
Das, A., Rajkumar, V., & Dwivedi, D. (2011). Antioxidant effect of curry
leaf (Murraya koenigii) powder on quality of ground and cooked
goat meat. International Food Research Journal, 18, 559-565.
Dhongade, H., Sawarkar, H., Muley, B., Deshmukh, V., & Pande, A. (2013).
Therapeutic potentials of Murraya koenigii Spreng (Rutaceae).
Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 3, 7399-
7412.
Erkan, N., Tao, Z., Rupasinghe, H. V., Uysal, B., & Oksal, B. S. (2012).
Antibacterial activities of essential oils extracted from leaves of
Murraya koenigii by solvent-free microwave extraction and
hydro-distillation. Natural Product Communications, 7(1).
https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1200700139.
El–Mohamedy, R, S., & Abdalla, A.M )2014). Evaluation of antifungal
activity of Moringa oleifera extracts as natural fungicide against
some plant pathogenic fungi In-vitro. Journal of Agricultural
Technology, 10(4), 963-982.
Faizi, S., Siddiqui, B., Saleem, R., Aftab, K., Shaheen, F., & Gilani, A.
(1998). Hypotensive constituents from the pods of Moringa
oleifera. Planta Med. 64, 225-228.
Farooq, F., Rai, M., Tiwari, A., Khan, A.A., & Farooq, S. (2012). Medicinal
properties of Moringa Oleifera: An overview of Promising
Healer. J. Med. Plants. Res. BMC Complementary and Alternative
Medicine, 6(27): 4368-74. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR12.279.
Fatma, A., Kumar, S., & Khan, S. A. (2013). Estimation of total phenolic
content, in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of
flowers of Moringa Oleifera. Asian Pacific. Journal of
Biomedical Physics and Engineering, 3(8), 623-627.
https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR12.279.
Ghasemzadeh, A., Jaafar H. Z., Rahmat,,A., & Devarajan T. (2014).
Evaluation of bioactive compounds, pharmaceutical quality, and
anticancer activity of Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii L.). Hindawi
Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and
Alternative Medicine, 873803.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/873803.
Gutierrez, D., Weinstock, A., Antharam, V., Gu, H., Jasbi, P., Shi, X. &
Thangamani, S. )2020). Antibiotic-induced gut metabolome and
microbiome alterations increase the susceptibility to Candida
albicans colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. FEMS
Microbiology Ecology, 96(1), 1-15.
https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiz187.
Igara, C. E., D. Omoboyowa, A., Ahuchaogu, A. A., Orji, N. U., & Ndukwe,
M. K. (2016). Phytochemical and nutritional profile of Murraya
Koenigii (Linn) Spreng leaf. Journal of Pharmacognosy and
Phytochemistry, 5(5), 7-9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference68981.
Iqbal, S., & Bhanger, M. I. (2006). Effect of season and production location
Dashtlali et al. JFBE 7(2): 84-92,2024
91
on antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves grown in
Pakistan. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 19, 551-
554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.05.001.
Kaewpiboon, C., Lirdprapamongkol, K., Srisomsap, C., Winayanuwattikun,
P., Yongvanich, T., Puwaprisirisan, P., Svasti, J., &
Assavalapsakul, W. (2012). Studies of the in vitro cytotoxic,
antioxidant, lipase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of
selected Thai medicinal plants. BMC Complementary and
Alternative Medicine. 12, 217.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472688212-217.
Kesari, A. N., Gupta, R. K., & Watal, G. (2005). Hypoglycemic effects of
Murraya koenigii on normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. Journal
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