Canning process effects on heavy metals (lead, cadmium, tin) contents in skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in oil
Document Type : Original research
Authors
Department of Food Science and Technology, ShQ.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Qods, Iran
Abstract
Certain heavy metals can contaminate fish during the processing and packaging of the fish. This study sought to determine how enamel, cooking, storage duration, and canning affect the levels of heavy metals. An atomic absorption spectrometer was used to perform the measurements. The study's findings demonstrated that the average levels of heavy metals following the storage period were within the allowable limits set by the FDA, WHO, and ISIRI. The canning process did not substantially change the heavy metal content in the final product. Additionally, no heavy metals moved from the can or enamel to the contents, and the metal elements of the product did not alter considerably over time. The pH and histamine levels of the product remained steady (p ≥ 0.05), but the peroxide value changed significantly. The pre-cooking process was the only one that significantly increased the concentration of these elements (p < 0.05). We may infer that the increase in heavy metal concentration was not significantly affected by the canning procedure or the 30-day storage of canned fish at 45 °C.
Keywords
Main Subjects
References
Alhibshi, E.A., Ibraheim, J.A., Hadad, A.S. (2016, December). Effect of heat processing and storage on characteristics and stability of some edible oils. 6th International Conference on Agriculture, Environment and Biological Sciences. 21-22; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.15242/IIE.A1216008
Al-Thagafi, Arida, Z., H., Hassan, R. (2014). Trace toxic metal levels in canned and fresh food: a comparative study. International Journal of Innovation, 3 (2): 8977-8989.
Ashraf, M. A., Maah, M. J., Yusoff, I. (2012). Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Fish Species Collected from Former Tin Mining Catchment. International Journal of Environmental Research, 6(1): 209-218, https://doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2011.487.
Bartels, B., Kenneth, A.B., Yao, G.V.P. (2023). Levels of Heavy Metals in Selected Canned Fish on Cape Coast Market, Central Region, Ghana. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 8(5): 149-152. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.20
Beldi, G., Pastorelli, S. (2012). Time and temperature dependent migration studies of Irganox 1076 from plastics into foods and food simulants. Food Additives and Contamination, 29(5): 836-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2011.649304
Boadi, N., Twumasi, S. (2011). Heavy metal contamination in canned fish marketed in Ghana. American Journal of Science and Industrial Research, 2(6): 877-882.
Buculei, A. Gutt, G., Sonia, A., Dabija, A. (2012). Study regarding the tin and iron migration from metallic cans into foodstuffs during storage. Journal of Agroalimentary Process and Technologies, 18(4): 299-303.
Buculei, A., Amariei, S., Oroian, M., Gutt, G., Gaceu, L., Birca, A. (2014). Metals migration between product and metallic package in canned meat. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 58(2): 364-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.06.003
Ganjavi, M., Ezzatpanah, H., Givianrad, M.H., Shams, A. (2010). Effect of canned tuna fish processing steps on lead and cadmium contents of Iranian tuna fish. Food Chemistry, 118(3): 525-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.018
Gerstenberger, S.L., Martinson, A., Kramer, J.L. (2010). An evaluation of mercury concentrations in three brands of canned tuna. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 29(2): 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.32
Hajrić, D., Smajlović, M., Antunović, B., Smajlović, A., Alagić, D., Tahirović, D., Brenjo, D., Članjak-Kudra, E., Djedjibegović, J., Porobić, A., Poljak,V (2022). Risk assessment of heavy metal exposure via consumption of fish and fish products from the retail market in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Food Control, 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108631
Hajeb, P. Jinap, S., Ismail, A., Fatimah, A.B., Jamilah, B., Abdul Rahim, M. (2009). Assessment of mercury levels in commonly consumed marine fishes in Malaysia. Food control. 20(1): 79-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.02.012
Hashemi-Moghaddam, H., Shaabanzadeh, M. Mohammadhosseini, M. (2011). Effects of canning on the extraction of heavy metals from tuna. Italian Journal of Food Science, 23(4): 442.
Hosseini, S.V., Aflaki, F., Sobhanardakani, S., Tayebi, L., Babakhanilashkan, A., Regenstein, J.M. (2013). Analysis of mercury, selenium, and tin concentrations in canned fish marketed in Iran. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 185(8): 6407-6412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-3033-y
Hussein, M.A., Morgan, S.E., Mahmoud, A.F., El-Ghareeb, W.R. (2024). Risk assessment of some toxic metals in canned fish products retailed in Mansoura, Egypt. Open Veterinary Journal, 14(1):
Nikfallah et al. JFBE 8(1): 1-5,2025
5
266-273. https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.23
Kassouf, A., Chebib, H., Lebbos, N., Quaini, R. (2013). Migration of iron, lead, cadmium and tin from tinplate-coated cans into chickpeas. Food Additive Contamination, Part A. 30(11): 1987-1992. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.832399
Khansari, F.E., Ghazi-Khansari, M., Abdollahi, M. (2005). Heavy metal content of canned tuna fish. Food Chemistry, 93(2): 293-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.025
Kosher, A.Z., Gundogdu, S., Esatbeyoglu, T., Aysa, D., Ozoglu, F. (2023). Metal levels of canned fish sold in Türkiye: health risk assessment. Frontiers Nutrition, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1255857
Mahmoudi, R. Norian, R. (2014). Occurrence of histamine in canned tuna fish from Iran. Journal fur Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, 9(2): 133-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-014-0863-2
Malakootian, M., Tahergorabi, M., Daneshpajouh, M., Amirtaheri, k. (2011). Determination of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn concentrations in canned fish in Southern Iran. Sacha Journal of Environmental Studies, 1(1): 94-100.
Oken, E., Wright, R.O., Kleinman, K.P., Bellinger, D., Amarasiriwardena, D., Hu, H., Rich-Edward, J.W, Gillman, M.W. (2005). Maternal fish consumption, hair mercury, and infant cognition in a US cohort. Environmental health perspectives. 113(10): 1376-1380. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8041
Olmedo, P., Pla, A., Hernandez, A.F., Barbier, F., Ayouni, L., Gil, F. (2013). Determination of toxic elements (mercury, cadmium, lead, tin and arsenic) in fish and shellfish samples. Risk assessment for the consumers, 59: 63-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.05.005
Pourjafar, H., Ghasemnejad, R., Noori, N., Mohammadi, Kh. (2014). Heavy metal content of canned tuna fish marketed in Tabriz, Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 8(1): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2014.50557
Rahimi, E., F. Nayebpour, and F. Alian. (2012). Determination of histamine in canned tuna fish using ELISA method. American-Eurasian Journal of Toxicological Sciences. 4(2): 64-66.
Rana. M., Asdari, R., Chowdhury, A., Munir, M. (2023). Heavy metal contamination during processing of canned fish: a review on food health and food safety. Destination and Water Treatment, 315: 492-499. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.30015
Storelli, M.M., Baron, G., Cuttone, G., Giongato, D., Garofalo, R. (2010). Occurrence of toxic metals (Hg, Cd and Pb) in fresh and canned tuna: public health implications. Food Chemical Toxicology, 48(11): 3167-3170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.013
Tuzen, M. Soylak, M. (2007). Determination of trace metals in canned fish marketed in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 101(4): 1378-1382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.044
Voegborlo, R., El-Methnani, A., Abedin, M. (1999). Mercury, cadmium and lead content of canned tuna fish. Food Chemistry, 67(4): 341-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00008-9
Zarei, M., Mollaie, A., Eskandari, M.H., Pakfetrat, S., Shekarforoush, S. (2010). Histamine and heavy metal content of canned tuna fish. Global Veterinary, 5(5): 259-263.
Alhibshi, E.A., Ibraheim, J.A., Hadad, A.S. (2016, December). Effect of heat processing and storage on characteristics and stability of some edible oils. 6th International Conference on Agriculture, Environment and Biological Sciences. 21-22; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.15242/IIE.A1216008
Al-Thagafi, Arida, Z., H., Hassan, R. (2014). Trace toxic metal levels in canned and fresh food: a comparative study. International Journal of Innovation, 3 (2): 8977-8989.
Ashraf, M. A., Maah, M. J., Yusoff, I. (2012). Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Fish Species Collected from Former Tin Mining Catchment. International Journal of Environmental Research, 6(1): 209-218, https://doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2011.487.
Bartels, B., Kenneth, A.B., Yao, G.V.P. (2023). Levels of Heavy Metals in Selected Canned Fish on Cape Coast Market, Central Region, Ghana. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 8(5): 149-152. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.20
Beldi, G., Pastorelli, S. (2012). Time and temperature dependent migration studies of Irganox 1076 from plastics into foods and food simulants. Food Additives and Contamination, 29(5): 836-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2011.649304
Boadi, N., Twumasi, S. (2011). Heavy metal contamination in canned fish marketed in Ghana. American Journal of Science and Industrial Research, 2(6): 877-882.
Buculei, A. Gutt, G., Sonia, A., Dabija, A. (2012). Study regarding the tin and iron migration from metallic cans into foodstuffs during storage. Journal of Agroalimentary Process and Technologies, 18(4): 299-303.
Buculei, A., Amariei, S., Oroian, M., Gutt, G., Gaceu, L., Birca, A. (2014). Metals migration between product and metallic package in canned meat. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 58(2): 364-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.06.003
Ganjavi, M., Ezzatpanah, H., Givianrad, M.H., Shams, A. (2010). Effect of canned tuna fish processing steps on lead and cadmium contents of Iranian tuna fish. Food Chemistry, 118(3): 525-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.018
Gerstenberger, S.L., Martinson, A., Kramer, J.L. (2010). An evaluation of mercury concentrations in three brands of canned tuna. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 29(2): 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.32
Hajrić, D., Smajlović, M., Antunović, B., Smajlović, A., Alagić, D., Tahirović, D., Brenjo, D., Članjak-Kudra, E., Djedjibegović, J., Porobić, A., Poljak,V (2022). Risk assessment of heavy metal exposure via consumption of fish and fish products from the retail market in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Food Control, 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108631
Hajeb, P. Jinap, S., Ismail, A., Fatimah, A.B., Jamilah, B., Abdul Rahim, M. (2009). Assessment of mercury levels in commonly consumed marine fishes in Malaysia. Food control. 20(1): 79-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.02.012
Hashemi-Moghaddam, H., Shaabanzadeh, M. Mohammadhosseini, M. (2011). Effects of canning on the extraction of heavy metals from tuna. Italian Journal of Food Science, 23(4): 442.
Hosseini, S.V., Aflaki, F., Sobhanardakani, S., Tayebi, L., Babakhanilashkan, A., Regenstein, J.M. (2013). Analysis of mercury, selenium, and tin concentrations in canned fish marketed in Iran. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 185(8): 6407-6412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-3033-y
Hussein, M.A., Morgan, S.E., Mahmoud, A.F., El-Ghareeb, W.R. (2024). Risk assessment of some toxic metals in canned fish products retailed in Mansoura, Egypt. Open Veterinary Journal, 14(1):
Nikfallah et al. JFBE 8(1): 1-5,2025
5
266-273. https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.23
Kassouf, A., Chebib, H., Lebbos, N., Quaini, R. (2013). Migration of iron, lead, cadmium and tin from tinplate-coated cans into chickpeas. Food Additive Contamination, Part A. 30(11): 1987-1992. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.832399
Khansari, F.E., Ghazi-Khansari, M., Abdollahi, M. (2005). Heavy metal content of canned tuna fish. Food Chemistry, 93(2): 293-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.025
Kosher, A.Z., Gundogdu, S., Esatbeyoglu, T., Aysa, D., Ozoglu, F. (2023). Metal levels of canned fish sold in Türkiye: health risk assessment. Frontiers Nutrition, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1255857
Mahmoudi, R. Norian, R. (2014). Occurrence of histamine in canned tuna fish from Iran. Journal fur Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, 9(2): 133-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-014-0863-2
Malakootian, M., Tahergorabi, M., Daneshpajouh, M., Amirtaheri, k. (2011). Determination of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn concentrations in canned fish in Southern Iran. Sacha Journal of Environmental Studies, 1(1): 94-100.
Oken, E., Wright, R.O., Kleinman, K.P., Bellinger, D., Amarasiriwardena, D., Hu, H., Rich-Edward, J.W, Gillman, M.W. (2005). Maternal fish consumption, hair mercury, and infant cognition in a US cohort. Environmental health perspectives. 113(10): 1376-1380. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8041
Olmedo, P., Pla, A., Hernandez, A.F., Barbier, F., Ayouni, L., Gil, F. (2013). Determination of toxic elements (mercury, cadmium, lead, tin and arsenic) in fish and shellfish samples. Risk assessment for the consumers, 59: 63-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.05.005
Pourjafar, H., Ghasemnejad, R., Noori, N., Mohammadi, Kh. (2014). Heavy metal content of canned tuna fish marketed in Tabriz, Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 8(1): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2014.50557
Rahimi, E., F. Nayebpour, and F. Alian. (2012). Determination of histamine in canned tuna fish using ELISA method. American-Eurasian Journal of Toxicological Sciences. 4(2): 64-66.
Rana. M., Asdari, R., Chowdhury, A., Munir, M. (2023). Heavy metal contamination during processing of canned fish: a review on food health and food safety. Destination and Water Treatment, 315: 492-499. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.30015
Storelli, M.M., Baron, G., Cuttone, G., Giongato, D., Garofalo, R. (2010). Occurrence of toxic metals (Hg, Cd and Pb) in fresh and canned tuna: public health implications. Food Chemical Toxicology, 48(11): 3167-3170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.013
Tuzen, M. Soylak, M. (2007). Determination of trace metals in canned fish marketed in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 101(4): 1378-1382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.044
Voegborlo, R., El-Methnani, A., Abedin, M. (1999). Mercury, cadmium and lead content of canned tuna fish. Food Chemistry, 67(4): 341-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00008-9
Zarei, M., Mollaie, A., Eskandari, M.H., Pakfetrat, S., Shekarforoush, S. (2010). Histamine and heavy metal content of canned tuna fish. Global Veterinary, 5(5): 259-263.
)