A review of Pickering emulsions-based delivery systems: Encapsulation, enhancing the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds
Document Type : Review article
Authors
Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj campus, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
Abstract
Pickering emulsions are surfactant-free mixtures consisting of two immiscible fluids stabilized by solid particles. These emulsions offer prolonged stability to liquid droplets and resistance to coalescence. In recent decades, interest in Pickering emulsions has surged due to their superior properties compared to conventional emulsions, particularly their exceptional stability and versatility across various applications. The compatibility of stabilizing particles, along with their capacity to encapsulate and release active components, has led to diverse applications in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, food, and cosmeceutical industries. With their unique structure, Pickering emulsions provide stability, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness, making them promising candidates for drug delivery. Given the emphasis on the biocompatibility of particle stabilizers, the use of Pickering emulsions has increasingly focused on encapsulation and delivery, particularly for oral and topical administration. These emulsions can enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble bioactive compounds in oral delivery systems while providing controlled release mechanisms. This review briefly explains the physicochemical properties, preparation methods, and characterization techniques of Pickering emulsions, highlighting their suitability for delivering bioactive compounds. We delve into recent advancements in the stability and formulation of Pickering emulsions and their applications for both oral and topical administration. The review discusses challenges encountered and identifies opportunities for future research, emphasizing their potential to improve stability and release during gastrointestinal digestion.
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